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MOZARABIC LlTXJRGY, 



THE MEXICAN BRANCH OE THE 

CATHOLIC CHURCH OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST 

MILITANT UPON EARTH. 



A Liturgical Study. 



BY TIIK 



Rev. Charles R. Hale, A.M., 

Rector of the Church of St Maiy the Virgin. Baltimore County, Maryhmd. 



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Mozarabic Liturgy. 



THE MEXICAN BRANCH OF THE 

CATHOLIC CHURCH OF OUR LORD JESUS CHRIST 

MILITANT UPON EARTH. 



A Liturgical Study. 



a 1 ia.Hi 

v 

Rev. Charles R. Hale, A.M., 

Rector of the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Baltimore County, Maryland. 






Pi Keprinl from the American Church Review, April 1876. 



PRIVATELY PRINTED. 
1876. 









PRINTED AT THE DAILY ADVERTISES PRINTING HOUSE, 
NEWARK, N. J. 






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WITH THE REGARDS OF 




THE REV. CHARLES R. HALE, D. D., 




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THE MOZARABIC LITURGY, 

AND 

The Mexican Branch of the Catholic Church of our 
Lord Jesus Christ Militant upon Earth. 



A LITURGICAL STUDY. 

The Bishop of Delaware, in an article on the Church Beform 
Movement in Mexico, in the Church Review, of last October, 
says (p. 586) : 

"The Liturgy in use is understood to be provisional. * * There is no prescribed 
Lectionary. This and other defects are obvious. How can they best be remedied? Not, 
in the judgment of the writer, by imposing our formularies, or by proposing hasty 
emendations. The Liturgy must be formed by the deliberate and mature action of the 
Church which is to use it, a Church, be it remembered, whose members are of Spanish, 
not Anglo-Saxon race and education. Precious materials may be drawn from the 
ancient Mozarabic Liturgies. Time, learning, study, and experience must all com- 
bine to perfect so important a work as the permanent cullus of this Church." 

It is not necessary now that we should go into a discussion of 
the defects of the Libro de Oracion. Should any of these seem 
to the Mexican Commission of our House of Bishops, so great as to 
give rise to any question whether " the Sacraments be duly minis- 
tered according to Christ's ordinance, in all things that of neces- 
sity are requisite to the same," they will of course, in their wisdom, 
take the proper means to have the error corrected. Minor defects 
may, under the circumstances, be overlooked for the time. 

There are, however, those who think, and, as it seems to the 
writer, justly, that it would be a serious error of judgment in the 
leaders of the Mexican Reform movement, to delay, one day longer 
than is absolutely necessary, the preparation of as good a Liturgy, 
in all its essential parts, as can now be prepared. To us, who know 



4 Mexican Church Reform 

the influence on heart and mind of a true Liturgy, it is needless to 
argue the inestimable benefit of such an one to those who use it. 
But beside those in Mexico who have openly taken a stand for Re- 
form, there are, there is reason to think, very many more, both of 
clergy and laity, who in their hearts feel the need of it. To these, 
a well-ordered Liturgy would be at once a guarantee of the real 
nature of the Reform movement, and, in itself, no slight attrac- 
tion. 

And there is another point not without importance. The Mexi- 
can Reformers ask the sympathies and help, not only of our Church 
in its corporate capacity, but also of its members as individuals. 
Why have these not been more freely rendered ? Is it not in a great 
degree because, to use the words of a recent editorial in one of our 
Church papers: ' 

" Information is needed sufficiently detailed and precise to interest and satisfy the 
majority of our people, who still know little more than that a movement is in progress 
in Mexico, but are in doubt as to its true character. It may as well be plainly said 
that a doubt on this point prevails widely, and accounts for much of the apathy which 
is shown." 

On the part of many intelligent and large hearted Churchmen, 
the feeling is not one of apathy, but of suspense of judgment; they 
are unwilling to believe that things are wrong, they cannot quite 
convince themselves that all is right. If these Mexican Reformers 
could but put into the hands of such men, either in Spanish or in 
an authorized translation, a Liturgy, and say, " Examine this and 
see that we stand in the old ways and walk in the old paths, and 
have tut turned from Romish error ; thus and so we worship, so 
we administer the Sacraments — this will show our belief as to them," 
the interest of many would be secured, who now stand aloof, but 
not at all from indifference. With them the lex orandi is an im- 
portant factor in forming their judgment of a Church. A Liturgy 
drawn up on true liturgical principles would do very much to se- 
cure the aid and sympathy of American Churchmen. 

It is, of course, most to be desired in any Church Reform that 
the continuity between old and new be preserved. As Anglican 
Reformers appealed to the teachings, not only of the Primitive 

'Church Journal, Feb. 23, 1876. 



And the Mozarabic Liturgy, 5 

Church Catholic, but also, with an especial force, to those of the 
early British and Anglo-Saxon Churches, and based their Liturgy 
on the ancient use of Sarum — so it is pleasant to know that those 
who are laboring for Eeform in the Church in Mexico, appeal to 
the doctrines and practices of the early Spanish Church, and in- 
tend making the Mozarabic Liturgy the main source from which 
their own is to be taken. 

The question may be asked, what is this Mozarabic Liturgy ? 
He who would have a full answer may look for it in Neale's Essays 
on Liturgiology and Church History; in Neale's Introduction to the 
History of the Holy Eastern Church, pp. 339-703, where he com- 
pares the Mozarabic and several Eastern Liturgies ; in Alexander 
Leslie's Prefatio ad Missale Mozarahicum ; and in a study of the 
Liturgy itself. There is but space here for a few facts in regard 
to it. It is JSTeale's opinion 1 that " the groundwork of the present 
Mozarabic Liturgy is coeval with the introduction of Christianity 
into Spain, but that the Goths may possibly have added, and St. 
Leander certainly did introduce, some approximations to the Oriental 
rite." The learned Saban y Blanco 2 says that " in the year 633 no 
other rite than this [which he calls the Gothic] was used through- 
out the Peninsula." At the time of the Mahometan invasion, this 
Liturgy acquired the name Mozarabic, which has so puzzled ety- 
mologists. Pagi and others make the word to be equivalent to 
Mixtarabic, because this Liturgy was used by Christians who dwelt 
among their Arab conquerors. Flores, the Church Historian of 
Spain, derives the first two syllables of the word from the Arabic 
Maoih (Messiah) ; others have formed, or invented, the word Musa, 
but of these some say it is a name for " Christian," others that it 
was the name of one of the Arab conquerors, who, by his kindness 
to the Christians, won their esteem. 

Neale says, 3 "The real derivation is simple enough: Arab 
Arabe signifying an Arab by descent (like an Hebrew of the He- 

1 Essays on Liturgiology, p. 130. 

2 Quoted by the Eev. A. H. De Mora, a clergyman of our Church, now laboring 
in Lisbon, Portugal, on page 100 of Lalglesia en Espana, a modest little work, but 
showing considerable research, and of real merit. 

3 Essays on Liturgiology, p. 131. 

2 



6 Mexican Church Reform 

brews), Arab Most-Arabe an Arab by adoption, and the latter 
terra gradually having been softened into Mozarabe, and applied to 
the Liturgy." 

Rome has ever had a jealousy of National rites, and in the eleventh 
century she succeeded in suppressing the use of the Mozarabic 
Liturgy almost throughout Spain. The people of Toledo, however, 
so clamored for its continuance with them, that this was conceded 
in the case of the seven most ancient Churches in that city. 

The great Cardinal Ximenes, among other steps towards reform 
in the Spanish Church, endeavored, so far as he might, to revive 
the use of its national Liturgy. The copies, of the Mozarabic 
Office Books were few, and some of them very incorrect. He had 
them carefully edited, and printed in the years 1500 and 1502. He 
built and endowed a chapel, in connection with the Cathedral of 
Toledo, in which the Mozarabic Liturgy was always to be used. A 
similar chapel was founded at Salamanca. Only in these two 
Cathedral Chapels, and in the Churches of St. Mark and St. Justa, 
in Toledo, does the Spanish Church use its own Liturgy. 

The existing copies of the Mozarabic Liturgy have suffered from 
changes and additions which have not been improvements. Still 
is there much that is most admirable in them ; still is it most true 
that, in the words of the Bishop of Delaware, " precious materials 
may be drawn from them," for the Liturgy of the old Catholic 
Church of Mexico. There would seem to be a providential intima- 
tion that the Mexicans should use these materials in the fact that 
an Archbishop of Mexico (afterwards Cardinal) Lorenzana was 
most earnest in reviving a knowledge of the Mozarabic Liturgy at 
a time when it was well-nigh forgotten. For many years it was 
practically impossible to obtain a copy of it. In 1760, Lorenzana 
had the Ordinary of the Liturgy reprinted at Puebla. Translated 
to Toledo, he had a large part of the Offices printed in Madrid in 
1775, with an introduction written by himself, the remainder ap- 
peared in Rome, after his death — but at his expense. 

The Mozarabic Liturgy may well be used us a basis for the 
Mexican Liturgy, but something will be needed beside a fitting 
translation into Spanish, and the removal of the errors which, in 
the course of time, have crept in. The statement of a well-known 
traveller in Spain, Mr. Ford, ' that one of the marked features of 



And the Mozarabic Liturgy. 



the Mozarabic Eitual is its simplicity,' is as correct as travellers' 
stories are apt to be who repeat what they are told on insufficient 
authority, or through incompetent interpreters, without having the 
previous knowledge of the subject which would enable them to 
know that very much of what they thus learn, is utterly valueless. 
The Mozarabic is, as that most competent authority, Neale, informs 
us, " about the most complicated use that exists." It is exceed- 
ingly diffuse as well as complicated. Migne's reprint of the Mo- 
zarabic Liturgy, in very large octavo, small print, occupies nearly 
1,200 pages. Of course great simplification and condensation would 
be required in preparing, from all this, a "Book of Common Prayer." 

In the following pages the writer has drawn up, from the Mozar- 
abic Liturgy, an Order for the Holy Communion, parallel to our 
own. In a few instances, brief phrases have been taken from 
Holy Scripture, the common heritage of the Churches of God, 
in a very few — which are always noted — he has quoted from 
our own Liturgy when he did not find in the Mozarabic what 
was so well suited to the purpose. He has aimed, of course, to 
translate Liturgical Latin into Liturgical English. Sometimes he has 
paraphrased expressions which were too diffuse, or not quite in keep- 
ing with the position here assigned them. In all cases he has given 
the original Latin at the foot of the page, and referred to the volume 
and column in Migne's reprint whence the quotations were made. 

The writer may be asked whether, in his opinion, a Spanish 
Liturgy so drawn up would be just what was needed in Mexico ? 
He would unhesitatingly answer, No. The words in this are Mozar- 
abic, the structure Anglican. In one or two cases, he has ventur- 
ed to follow the genius of the Mozarabic Liturgy, as in having a 
special Prophecy as well as Epistle and Gospel; our Church using 
but one Propheuy for every Sunday or holy day, Exodus xx., 1-18. 
The writer thinks that a conformity, in other respects also, to ancient 
Spanish use, would be wise in a Liturgy for Mexicans. 

The writer has but endeavored to draw attention to the treasures 
of the Mozarabic Liturgy — to show what could be done with these 
rather than what' should be. As Bishop Lee well says, " The [Mexi- 
can] Liturgy must be formed by the deliberate action of the Church 
which is to use it." They may ask, if so minded, the help of others, 
the final responsibility must rest upon themselves. 



Mexican Chu.rch Reform 

AN ORDER FOR THE HOLY COMMUNION, 
PARALLEL TO THAT OP THE AMERICAN CHURCH. 1 



ARRANGED FROM THE MOZARABIC. 



I will arise, and go to my Father, and will say unto Him, 
Father, I have sinned against heaven and before Thee, and am no 
more worthy to be called Thy son. 

Let us pray. 
Lord have mercy upon us. 
Christ have mercy upon us. 
Lord have mercy upon us. 2 

Our Father, etc., etc. 
Cleanse Thou us O Lord from secret faults. 

And keep Thy servants from presumptuous sins. 
Lord, hear our prayer. 

And let our cry come unto Thee. 3 

O God, who makest the unworthy to be worthy, the sinner to 
be just, and the impure to be pure; cleanse our hearts and bodies 
from all thought and pollution of sin, that we may acceptably serve 
Thee, through that Great High Priest without spot of sin, Jesus 
Christ, Thy Son, our Lord, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee in 



1 It has not been thought necessary in this draft of an Order to give Rubrical direc- 
tions, or a form of notice of the Holy Communion to be used on a preceding Sunday 
or Holy Day. 

2 Surgam et ibo ad Patrem meum, et dicam Ei, Pater peccavi in ccelum et coram Te, 
jam non sum dignus vocari Alius Tuns. Oremus. Eyrie eleison, Christe eleison, Eyrie 
eleison. In Ordinario Missoe. (I. 525). 

3 Pater noster, etc. Ab occultis meis munda me Domine. Et ab alienis parce 
servo Tuo. Domine exaudi orationem meam. Et clamor meus ad Te perveniat. In 
Ordinario Missce. (I. 525). 



And the Mozarabic Liturqt. 

the unity of the Holy Ghost, ever one God, world without ei)d. 
Amen. ' 

The Lord be ever with you. 
And with thy spirit. 2 

A lesson from the book of 3 , chapter, beginning with 

the — verse. 

Thanks be to God. 4 

[At this place is usually read a lesson from the Old Testament : 
on Easter-day, the lesson is Revelation i, 1-9.] 

Confitemini Domino. Psalm cvi. 

O give thanks unto the Loed, for He is gracious : and His mer- 
cy endureth forever. 

Who can express the noble acts of the Loed : or show forth all 
His praise ? 

Blessed are they that alway keep judgment : and do righteous- 
ness. 

Remember me, O Loed, according to the favor that Thou bear- 
est unto Thy people : O visit me with Thy salvation. 

That I may see the felicity of Thy chosen : and rejoice with the 
gladness of Thy people, and give thanks with Thine inheritance. 

give thanks unto the Loed, for He is gracious : and His mer- 
cy endureth forever. 5 

1 Deus, qui de indignis dignos, de peecatoribus justos, et de immundis faeis mundos ; 
munda cor memn, et corpus meum, ab omni sorde et cogitatione peccati, et presta ut, 
acceptibiles Tibi hostias offeram, et per Eum Tibi meum sit acceptabile votum, Qui Se 
Tibi, Deo Patri, pro nobis obtulit in sacrifieium, Qui est solus sine peccati macula 
Pontifes, Jesus Christus, Pilius Tuus, Dominus noster, Qui Tecum Vivit et regnat, in 
imitate Spiritus Sancti, Deus, per omnia saecula saeculorum. Amen. In Ordinario 
Missce. (I. 525). 

2 Dominus sit semper vobiscum. Et cum spiritu tuo. In Ordinario Missoz. (I. 533.) 
' Lectio Libri . In Ordinario Missoz. (I. 109). 

4 Deo G-ratias. In Ordinario Mis-see. (I. 109). 

5 Confitemini Domino, quoniam bonus : quoniam in sseculum misericordia Ejus. 
Quis loquetur potentias Domini: auditas faciet omnes laudes Ejus. 

Beati, qui custodiunt judicium : et faciunt justitias in omni tempore. 

Memento nostri, Domine, in beneplacito populi Tui : Visita nos in salutari Tuo. 

Ad videndum in bonitate electorum Tuorum : ad lsetandum in lsetitia gentis Tuas, 
ut lauderis cum hsereditate Tua. 

Confitemini Domino, quoniam bonus : quoniam in sseculum misericordia Ejus. (II. 
814,) 



10 Mexican Church Reform 

Glory and honor be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the 
Holy Ghost, world without end. Amen. 1 

The Lord be ever with you. 

And with thy spirit. 
Let us pray. 2 

[The Collect for Easter-day. 

Loed Jesus Christ, Who didst die for the sins of the whole 
world, and, as at this time, didst rise from the dead ; by Thy res- 
urrection, mortify and kill all vices in us : and as, by Thy Cross 
and Passion, Thou didst destroy the power of death, make us to 
share in the blessed life ; through Thy merits, Blessed Saviour, 
Who dost live and govern all things, world without end. Amen. 3 ] 

The Epistle {or the portion of Scripture appointed for the Epistle) 

is written in the chapter of , beginning at the verse. 

Thanks be to God. 4 

[The Epistle for Easter-day is Acts ii. 29-40]. 

The Holy Gospel is written in the chapter of , begin- 
ning at the verse. 

Glory be to Thee, Lord. 5 

[The Gospel for Easter-day is St. John xx, 1-19.] 

The faith that we hold in our hearts, let us confess with our 

mouths. 6 

The Nicene Creed. 7 



'Gloria et honor Patri, et Filio, et Spiritui Sancto, in sajcula sseculorum. Amen. 
In Or dinar io Missce. (I. 109.) 

2 Dominus sit semper vobiscum. Et cum spiritu Tuo. Oremus. In Or dinario Missce. 
(I. 526.) 

3 Dominus Jesus Christus, Qui pro totius mundi salute moriens, hodie resurrexit a 
mortuis, Ipse vos resurrectione Sua, mortificet a delictis ; Quique per crucis patibu- 
lum, mortis destruxit imperium, beatae vita? vobis tribuat participium ; Per, etc. 
Benedictio in Die Resurrectionis Domini. (I. 487). 

4 Sequentia Epistolse, — vel Lectio Libri — (I. 480). Deo G-ratias. In Ordinario Missce. 
(I. 110.) 

"Lectio Sancti Evangelii Secundum . Gloria Tibi Domine. In Ordinario Missce 

(I. 111.) 
6 Eidem quam corde credimus, ore autem dicamus. In Ordinario Missce. (I. 117.) 
'Symbolum Constantinopolitanum, vel Nicaenum. (I. 118), 



And the Mozarabic Liturgy. 11 

Hymn. 
Sermon. 
The Offertory Sentences. 

All things come of Thee Loed ; and of Thine own have we 
given Thee. 1 

Let us pray for the whole state of Christ's Church militant. 2 
Almighty and Everliving God, 3 mindful of Thy precept 4 to 
make supplications, prayers, and intercessions, and to give thanks 
for all men : 5 We humbly beseech Thee most mercifully to accept 
our alms and oblations, and to receive these our prayers, which we 
offer unto Thy Divine Majesty : 6 

Beseeching Thee of Thy goodness, to enrich the Holy Catholic 
Church in faith, hope, and charity ; 7 to sustain her in danger, pro- 
tect her in adversities, and make her watchful in prosperity. 8 

And grant that all they who do confess Thy Holy Name may 
live in pure and sincere love of the brethren. 9 

And keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. 10 
Make, we beseech Thee, all Christian Rulers and Magistrates to 



'Tua sunt enim omnia, et quas de manu Tua accepimus, dedimus Tibi. (II. 880). 

2 Ecelesiatn Sanctam Catholicam in orationibus in mente habeamus. In Ordinario 
Missae. (I. 114). 

3 Omnipotens aeterne Deus (II. 147). 

4 Hemores praeceptorum Tuorum. (II. 130). 

5 1 Tim. ii. 1. 

"Acceptabilis sit majestati Tuae, Omnipotens Deus, hase nostra oblatio, quam Tibi 
offerimus. In Ordinario Missce. (I. 528). 

'Ecclesiam Sanctam Catholicam in orationibus in mente habeamus, ut earn Dominus 
fide, spe, et caritate, ampliare diguetur. In Ordinario Hissx. (I. 114). 

"Sustenta earn in periculis, protege in adversis, et moderare in prosperis. Illatio in 
Missd Votivd. (I. 987). 

' J Ut ii qui vexillum erucis Tuae in frontibus gestant, puram atque sinceram cum 
fratribus retineant caritatern. Oratio ad pacem, in Festo Inventionis Sanctoz Cruris. 
(I. 743). 

10 Unitatem spiritus servantes, in vinculo pacis. (I. 612). 



12 Mexican Church Reform 

truly and impartially administer justice, 1 for the punishment of 
evil-doers, and for the praise of them that do well. 2 

Give grace, heavenly Father, to all Bishops and other minis- 
ters, faithfully to preach Thy truth, setting forth in their lives what 
thej preach with their lips, 3 

And to rightly and duly administer Thy holy sacraments. 4 

And grant that all Thy people, and especially this congregation 
here present, may truly receive Thy Holy Word which is preached 
unto them, 5 

And serve Thee in holiness and righteousness all the days of 
their life. 6 

And we most humbly beseech Thee, of Thy goodness, O Lord, 
to comfort and succor all those who are in need, trouble, sickness, 
or any other adversity. 7 

And we also bless Thy holy Name 6 

For all Thy servants departed this life in Thy faith and fear, 
beseeching Thee to give us grace so to follow in their footsteps, 10 
that with them we may be partakers of Thy heavenly kingdom. 11 

Grant this, O Father, for the sake of Thine Only-begotten Son, 



3 Regibus fldelibus, cum mansuetudine et veritate, justitiam largiatur. (I. 753). 
3 1 Peter ii. 14. 

3 Tu ora nostra prseconio veras predicationis accinge, * * * ea quae predicamus 
sermonibus, opere impleverimus. Oratio ad pacem, in Natale S. Saturnini, Fpiscopi. 
(I. 156). 

4 Fac me dignum et strenuum Sanctis altaribus Tuis ministrum. (I. 525). 

5 Prsesta, quaesumus, ut cuncri fldeles Tui veraciter apprehendant quae ex predica- 
tione ejus [sc. Bvaugelii Tui] suscipiunt. Alia Oratio, in Quinto Dominico post Festum 
Pentecostes. (I. 642). 

"Serviamus Illi, in sanctitate etjustitia coram Ipso, omnibus diebus nostris. (II. 870). 

7 Ut omnes inopia afflictos, tribulatione vexatos, morbis obrutos, vel quolibet moerore 
contritos, cunctos indulgentia Tua3 pietatis absolvat. Oratio ad pacem inMissd Yotivd 
(I. 984). 

8 Benedic Nomini sancto Ejus. (II. 810). 

9 0mnibus fidelibus defunctis. (I. 986). 

10 Ac tribue precibus nostris, ut * * per eorum nos facias ambulare vestigia. Oratio 
post Pridie in Festo Omnium Sanctorum. (I. 897). 

"Ut cum eis partem in coelestibus habeamus. Benediciio in Festo Omnium Sanc- 
torum. (I. 898). 



And tbe Mozarabic Liturgy. 13 

Jesus Christ, our Lord, through "Whom Thou givest all good to us 
Thine unworthy servants. Amen. 1 

Dearly beloved brethren ; We who mind to come to the Holy 
Communion of the Body and Blood of our Saviour Christ, must 
confess our sins, if we would not be condemned at God's Judg- 
ment. "We must humble ourselves before men if we would be glori- 
fied before the angels. We must mourn here, if we would reign 
with Christ hereafter. 2 

May our merciful Lord Jesus grant us so truly to confess our 
sins, that we may obtain speedy remission ; may He clothe us with 
the Wedding Garment, that we may come holy and clean to the 
Heavenly Feast. 3 

With a full trust in God's mercy through Christ, let us make 
our humble confession unto Him, 4 devoutly kneeling. 5 

Almighty God, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ. 6 we acknow- 
ledge that we have grievously sinned against Thee, by thought, 
word and deed, and by omission ; 7 

We do earnestly repent of these our misdoings ; 8 



'Prsesta, Pater Ingenite, per Unigenitum Tuurn, Dominum Nostrum, Jesum Christ- 
um, per Quem Tu * * omnia nobis indignis servis prtestas. Post Pridie in Secundo 
Dominico post Octavos Fpiphanice. (I. 251). 

a Accedentes ad Domini mysterium, fratres carissimi, debemus deferre ad publicum 
crimina, si ad Judicium nolumus sustinere tormentas. Debemus liominibus humiliari, 
si volumus coram angelis gloriari. Debemus lugere in sa;culo, si volumus regnare 
cum Ohristo. Missa in Quarto Dominico post Octavos Epiphania Domini. (I. 256). 

3 Non nos abjicias Jesu bone. Sit in nobis vera confessio et peccatorum celerrima 
subsequatur remissio. Dona nobis nuptialis dignitatis vestimentum, quo accedamus ad 
Tuas Passionis Epulum preparatum. Feria Quarta post Ramos Palmar um. (1.404). 

*Paciem Domini Jesu, ac Redemptoris nostri, preveniamus in confessione, cum om- 
ni fiducia. Feria Quarta post Ramos Palmarum. (I. 404). 

6 Poenitentes orate, flectite genua Deo. (II. 611). 

"Omnipotens Deus, Pater Domini Nostri Jesu Christi. Oratiopost Nomina, in Se- 
cunda Feria Paschce. (I. 489). 

'Confiteor graviter peccasse in lege Dei mei, cogitatione, locutione, opere, et omis- 
sione. Confessio in Ordinario Missa. (I. 526). 

"Pcenitentiam agimus pro malis nostris. Preces ad Tertiam, in Quartd Feria post 
Dom. III. Quadrigesimai. (II. 409). 

3 



14 Mexican Church Reform 

We are heartily sorry for our sins ;' 
We are bowed down under the burden of them. 2 
Turn Thy face from our sins, Lord, and blot out all our iniqui- 
ties. Have mercy upon us, we beseech Thee, supplicating Thy 
favor, 3 for the sake of Jesus Christ, Thy Son, our Lord, who died 
upon the Cross for our salvation, forgive us all the evil that we 
have committed, cleanse us from all the stains of sin, and fill us 
with all spiritual gifts, 4 

That we may ever hereafter walk in newness of life, 6 through 
Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 

Almighty God our Heavenly Father Who, of His great mercy, 
hath promised forgiveness of sins to all those who, with hearty 
repentance and true faith, turn unto Him* 

Have mercy upon you, pardon and deliver you from all your sins, 7 
Confirm and strengthen you in all goodness, 8 

And bring you to everlasting life 9 through Jesus Christ our Lord. 
Amen. 

Hear what comfortable words our Saviour Christ saith unto all 
who truly turn to Htm.' 



'Peccavimus, propter hoc factum est in dolore cor nostrum. Ad mat. in Sextd Fer- 
id post Dom. III. Quadrigesirrue. (11.422). 

'Peccatorum pondus inclinat. Alia Oratio, in Quarto Dominico post Octavas Epiph- 
anioz Domini. (I. 262). 

3 Averte faciem tuam a peccatis nostris, Domine, et omnes iniquitates nostras dele ; 
miserere quresumus rogantibus nobis. Oratio ad mat. in Ferid Quartd, in Capite Je- 
junii. (II. 246.) 

4 In Ipsius dilecti Filii Tui, * * et coeterni Domini Nostri, Jesu Christi. nomine Te 
invoco, ut omnibus malis meis indulgens, cunctas maculas criminum meorum abster- 
gens, atque spiritualibus donis replens. Illatio in Missd Volivd. (I. 985). 

"In novitate vitse ambulantes. Alia oratio in Ferid Sextd Paschce. (I. 512). 

8 From the American Liturgy. 

7 Misereatur vestri, omuipotens Deus, et dimissis omnibus peccatis. Absolutio, in 
Ordinario Missa. (I. 526). 

8 Conflrmati semper in bono. In Ordinario Missae. (I. 119). 
9 Perducat vos ad vitam seternam. Absolutio, in Ordinario Missm. (I. 526). 
10 From the American Liturgy. 



And the Mozarabic Liturgy. 15 

Come unto Me, all ye that travail and are heavy laden, and I 
will refresh you. 1 St. Matt., xi., 28. 

So God loved the world, that He gave His Only-begotten Son, 
to the end that all that believe in Him should not perish, but have 
everlasting life. St. John, iii., 16. 

Sear also what St. Paul saith? 

This is a true saying, and worthy of all men to be received, That 
Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. I. Tim., i., 15. 

Hear also what St. Jema saith." 

If any man sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus 
Christ the righteous ; and He is the Propitiation for our sins. 4 
I. John, ii., 1, 2. 

Lift up your hearts. 

"We lift them up unto the Lord. 

Let us give thanks unto our Lord God. 
It is meet and right so to do. 5 

It is very meet and right, that we should always give thanks to 
Thee, O Holy Lord, Everlasting Father, Almighty God : 

[Preface for Easter. 

Through Jesus Christ, Thy Son, our Lord, Who, as at this time, 
manifesting the glory of His Resurrection, came forth from the 
tomb in triumph, when He had overcome death by dying, and by 
His Blood had reconciled the earthly with the heavenly.] 

Therefore with Angels and Archangels, and with all the 



1 Venite ad Me, omnes qui laboratis et onerati estis, et Ego reficiam vos. (II 
1022). 

a Erom the American Liturgy. 

' Erom the American Liturgy. 

Si quis peccaverit, Advocatum habemus apud Patrem, Jesum Christum. Ad. Mat. 
Feria Secunda, Dom. III. Quad. (II. 387). 

6 Sursum Corda. Levemus ad Dominum. Gratias referamus. Dignum et justum 
est. In Ordinario Missce. (I. 115, 116). 

" Dignum et justum est, nos Tibi gratias agere, Domine Sancte, Pater Sterne, Om- 
nipotens Deus, et Jesu Ohristo Filio Tuo, Domino Nostro. * * Hodieme, Resur- 
rectionis gloriam manifestans * * triumphavit, cum mortem moriens vicit, et 
Sanguine Suo terrena coelestibus reconciliavit. Blatio, in Die Resurrectionis Domini. 
(I. 484). 



16 Mexican Church Reform 

company of heaven, 1 we laud and magnify Thy glorious Name ; 
evermore praising Thee and saying, 2 

Holy. Holy, Holy, Lord God of Hosts ; Heaven and earth are 
full of the glory of Thy Majesty ; Hosanna to the Son of David ; 
Blessed be He that cometh in the name of the Lord ; Hosanna in 
the Highest. 

Hagios, Hagios, Hagios, Kyrie, O Theos. 3 Amen. 

We come to this Thy Table, Lord, in humbleness of spirit, 4 
trembling because of our sins, but trusting in Thy mercy. We 
hide not our sins from Thee, heal us through the merits of the One 
Sacrifice. 6 

Grant us, Lord our God, so to partake of the Body and Blood 
of Thy Son our Lord Jesus Christ, that we may receive remission 
of all our sins, be filled with Thy Holy Spirit, 6 and, in the world 
to come, attain the crown of everlasting life. 7 Amen. 

Verily Holy and Blessed art Thou, O God the Father Almighty, 
Who didst send Thine Only-Begotten Son to. take upon Him our 
nature, and to die 8 for the salvation of the whole world ; 9 Who, 

1 Cceldrum ille exereitus innumerabilis. lUatio, in Sexto Dom. post Octavos Epiph. 
Domini. (I. 268). 

- Sine fine laudetur, parili concentu, cum Angelis et Arehangelis laudantibns. atque 
ita dicentis. Illatio, in Quarto Dom. de Adventu Domini. (1.135). 

3 Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus, Dominus Deus Sabaoth; Pleni sunt coeli et terra gloria 
Majestatis Tuse : Osanna Filio David ; Benedictus Qui venit in Nomine Domini ; 
Osanua in excelsis. Agyos, Agyos, Agyos, Kyrie O Theos. Sanctus, in Ordinario 
Missce. (I. 549). 

4 Accedam ad Tein humilitate spiritus mei. In Ordinario Missce. (I. 113). 

5 Reatu licit trepidi, sed Tua. freti misericordia, * * non abscondimus vulnera, 
* * sana nos Sacrificio. Post Pridie, in Secundo Dominico post Octavos Epiphanice. 
(I. 251). 

6 Domine Deus meus, da mini Corpus et Sanguinem Filii Tui, Domini nostri, Jesu 
Christi, ita sumere, ut * * remissionem omnium peccatorum merear accipere, et 
Tuo Sancto Spiritu repleri. In Ordinario Missm. (I. 120). 

7 Et, in future [sasculo], eonsequantur vitse aeternam coronam. Post Pridie, in Sexto 
Dominico post Octavos Epiphanice Domini. (I. 273). 

8 Tere Sanctus et Benedictus es, Deus Pater Omnipotens, Qui Dominum Nostrum 
Jesum Christum, in assumptione (m) humanitatis, mortem fecisti subire. Post Sanctus 
in Secundd Feria Paschce. (I. 4=90). 

9 Pro totius salute rnundi ad nos misisti. Post Sanctus, in Quinto Dominico Quadri- 
gesimce. (I. 376). 



And the Mozarabig Liturgy. It 

by His Cross and Passion, bare the burden of our sins, and made 
an end of atoning sacrifices by that One Oblation of infinite worth ; 
Christ the Lord, and our Eternal Redeemer :' 

Who, the night before He suffered, took Bread, and, giving thanks, 
blessed and brake it, and gave it to His disciples, saying, Take, 
Eat, This is My Body, which is given for you;„As o'ften as ye eat /f 
This,-Do-it in Remembrance of Me. 

Likewise, after supper, He took the Cup, saying, This is the 
Cup of the New Testament in My Blood, which is shed for you, 
and for many, for the remission of sins ; As often as ye drink This, I* 
De-it in Remembrance of Me. 

As often as ye shall eat This Bread, and drink This Cup, ye shall 
show forth the Lord's Death until He come in glory from Heaven. 
Amen.' 1 

Thus doing, Most Holy Father, 3 with these Thy Holy Gifts, 
which we now offer unto Thee, 4 we set forth the Death of Thine 
Only-Begotten Son, by which we were redeemed, as He commanded 
us to do, until He Himself should come. 5 



1 Qui passione Crucis Suae, allevat pondus iniquitatis nostrse, et dat finem piaeulis 
per Oblationem officii singularis * * Christus Dominus ac Redemptor ^Eternus. 
Post Sanetus, in Qua/rto Dorninico Quadrigesimce. (I. 354). 

2 Qui pridie quam pateretur, accepit paneru, et, gratias agens, benedixit, ae fregit 
deditque discipulis Suis, dicens, Accipite et Manducate, Hoe est Corpus Meum, Quod 
pro vobis tradetur ; Quotiescumque manducaveritis ; Hoc facite in Meam Commemo- 
rationem. 

Similiter et Calicem postquam coenavit, dicens, Hie est calix Novi Testamenti in 
Meo Sanguine, Qui pro vobis et pro multis effundetur in remissionem peccatorum ; 
Quotiescumque biberitis, Hoc facite in Meam Commemorationem. 

Quotiescumque manducaveritis Panem hunc, et Calicem istum biberitis, Mortem 
Domini annunciabitis, donee veniat in claritate (m) de Ccelis. Amen. In Ordinario 
Missce. (I. 550-553). 

3 Hoc agentes * * Pater Sancte. (I. 491). 

4 Hsee dona Tua * * in Altare Tuum, Panis ac Vini Holocausta proponimus. 
Post Pridie Nativitate Domini Nostri Jesu Christi. (I. 189). 

6 Hoc agentes, apud Te, Pater Sancte, Redemptricem Nostrum Unigeniti Tui Mor- 
tem, sicut Ipse prsecepit, usque in Adventum Ipsius, nuntiamus. Post Pridie, in 
Secundd Feria Paschx. (I. 487). 



18 Mexican Church Reform 

Having in remembrance His Glorious Passion, and Eesurrection, 
and Ascension ; ' 

Rendering unto Thee most hearty thanks for the innumerable 
benefits procured unto us by the same. 2 

And we most humbly beseech Thy Majesty, that Thou wouldst 
send down Thy Holy Ghost, with the fulness of Thy blessing, upon 3 
these Thy gifts and creatures of Bread and Wine; 4 that we, re- 
ceiving them according to our Saviour Jesus Christ's Holy Institu- 
tion, 5 may be partakers of His Most Blessed Body and Blood. 6 

We earnestly pray Thee, O Heavenly Father, most mercifully 
to accept this our sacrifice 7 of praise and thanksgiving. 8 And here 
we offer and present unto Thee, Lord, ourselves, our souls and 
bodies to be a reasonable, holy, and living sacrifice unto Thee ; 9 



1 Simulque Prasclaras Passionis, et Resurreetionis, et in Coelos Ascensionis, Memo- 
riam facientes. Post Pridie in Quinto Dominica Quadrigesimce (I. 370). 

"Completis nostras redemptions et Tuae gratiae documentis, referentes Tibi gratias, 
benedicimus Te. Post Pridie in Septimo Dorninico post Pentecosten. (I. 643). 

3 Majestatem Tuam supplices rogamus. ac petimus, ut in his Sacrificiis benedictio- 
num Tuarum plenitudo descendat, et infundas in Eisimbrem Spiritus Sancti, de Cqelis. 
Post Pridie in Quinto Dorninico Quadrigesimce. (I. 376). 

* In Altare Tuum, Panis ac Vini Holocausta, proponimus. Post Pridie in Festo S. 
Mathice Apostoli. (I. 727). Ut his Creaturis superpositis Altario Tuo Spiritum Sancti- 
flcationis infundas. Post Pridie in Festi Corporis Domini. (I. 627). 

5 Servantes preceptum Unigeniti Tui. (I. 627). 

8 Da mihi Corpus et Sanguinem Filii Tui, Jesu Chrisu, ita sumere. Oratio in Or- 
dinario Missce. (I. 566.) Corda Nostra, Corporis et Sanguinis Filii Tui Domini Nostri 
commixtione purificas. Post Pridie in Quinto Dorninico Paschce. (I. 586). 

' Te ergo, Summe Pater, exposcimus, ut hanc * * hostiam * * e mani- 
bus nostris, placatus accipias. Post Pridie in Quarto Dorninico de Adventu Domini. 
(I. 135). 

* Benedic et Sanctifica hoc sacriflcium laudis, quod Tibi oblatum est. Oratio in Or- 
dinario Missce. (I. 528). 

9 Per veram fidem, rectumque dilectionem, vivam Tibi preparemur in hostiam. Post 
Pridie in Dorninico in Ramis Palmarum. (I. 400). Romans xii., 1. 



And the Mozarabic Liturgy. 19 

humbly beseeching Thee, that we, and all others who shall be par- 
takers of this Holy Communion, 1 may worthily receive the Most 
Precious Body and Blood of Thy Son Jesus Christ, and be filled 
with Thy heavenly grace, 2 and that He may evermore dwell in us, 
and we in Him. 3 

We come before Thee in a spirit of Humility, and with contrite 
hearts, May we be accepted Lord by Thee, and may what we offer 
Thee be pleasing in Thy sight, 4 through Jesus Christ, Thy Son, 
our Lord, Who liveth and reigneth with Thee, in the unity of the 
Holy Ghost, one God, ever world without end. Amen!' 

The Body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee, 
preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life. Amen! 

The Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was shed for thee, 
preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life. Amen. 1 

Our Father, Who art in Heaven, etc. 8 

We thank Thee, God the Father Almighty, that Thou hast 
deigned to feed us, 9 who have duly received these Holy Mysteries, 



1 Ut quicuraque ex hoc Corpore libaverimus, sumamus nobis medelam animas. Post 
Pridie in Feria Secunda Paschce. (I. 492). 

2 Da mihi Corpus et Sanguinem Filii Tui, Domini nostri, Jesu Chnsti, ita sumere, 
ut per Illud remissionem omnium peccatorum merear accipere, Tuo et Saneto Spintu 
repleri. Oratio in Ordinario Missce. (I. 566). 

3 St. John xiv,, 20. I. John, iv., 13 

4 In spiritu bumilitatis, et in animo contrito, suscipiamur Domine a Te, et sic fiat 
sacrifieium nostrum, ut a Te suscipiamur hodie, ut placeat Tibi Domine Deus. In 
Ordinario Missa. (I. 112). 

5 Per Dominum nostrum, Jesum Christum, PiliumTuum, Qui Tecum vivit et regnat, 
in imitate Spiritns Sancti, Deus, per omnia saecula saeeulorum. Amen. Oratio in 
Ordinario Missce (I. 119). 

6 Corpus et Sanguis Domini nostri, Jesu Christi, custodiat corpus et animam meam 
in vitam aeternam. Amen. In Ordinario Missce. (I. 566). Quod pro vobis tradetur. 
(I. 550) 

'Sanguis Domini nostri, Jesu Christi, custodiat corpus et animam meam in vitam 
seternam. Amen. In Ordinario Missce. (I. 566). Quis pro vobis, et pro multis 
effundetur. (I. 551). 

8 Pater noster, etc. (I. 119). 

Refecti Christi corpore et sanguine pariter, quia sanctificati, Deo Patri Omnipo- 
tent! gratias referamus. Oratio in Ordinario Missce. (I. 120). 



20 Mexican Church Reform 

with the spiritual* food of the Most Precious Body and Blood of 
Thy Son, our Saviour Jesus Christ ; Grant that this may not turn 
to our judgment and condemnation, but may profit to our salvation, 
and the healing of our souls unto life eternal, 2 through the same, 
Thy Son, Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen* 

O Lord our God, Father, Son and Holy Spirit, make us ever to 
seek and to love Thee, and may we have grace, through this Holy 
Communion which we have received, nevermore to draw back from 
Thee, but ever to do those things that are pleasing in Thy sight;* 
For Thou art God, and beside Thee there is none else, world 
without end. 6 Amen. 

Glory be to God on High, 6 etc., etc. 

That peace which our Lord Jesus Christ, when He ascended up 
on High, left to His disciples, be ever with you in all its fulness : 7 

And the Blessing of God the Father Almighty, and of the Son, 
and of the Holy Ghost, descend upon you, and remain with you 
always. Amen.* 

1 From the American Liturgy. 

2 Corpus Domini Nostri, Jesu Christi, Quod accepimus, et Sanctus Sanguis Ejus. 
Quern potavimus, non veniat nobis ad judicium, nee ad condemnationem, sed proficiat 
ad salutem, et ad remedium animarum nostrarum, in vitam seternam. Amen. Oratio 
in Ordinario Missce (I. 567). 

3 Per Dominum nostrum, Jesum Christum, Filium Tuum. Oratio in Ordinario 
Missce. (I. 119). 

1 1. John, iii., 22. 

5 Domine Deus Meus, Pater, et Films, et Spintus Sanctus, fac me Te semper quae- 
rere et diligere, et a Te, per hanc Sanctam Communionem quam sumpsi, nunquam re- 
cedere, quia Tu es Deus. et praster Te non est Alius, in saecula saeculorum. Amen. 
Oratio in Ordinario Missce. (I. 120). 

6 Gloria in Excelsis Deo, etc. 

7 Jesus Christus Dominus, pacem quam ad coelos remeans discipulis Suis tradidit, 
integram in vobis illibatamque conserved Benedictio in Ascensione Domini. (I. 605). 

*Benedictio Dei Patris Omnipotentis, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti, descendat super 
hanc. In Ordinario Missce. (L 507). 

CHARLES B. HALE. 






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